Analysis Discourse

1.      The concept of discourse community is providing a set of characteristics for identifying a group of people as members of a particular discourse community (Swales, 1990 cited in Paltridge, 2006. P.24). People in a community will shared a same information, have a same goal, etc.  It will be influenced by their speech community. A speech community is a coherent group of people who share the same language or languages and more or less the same norms of language (Gregor, 2009. P. 158). There are some aspects which are included in the speech community, such as, social, gender, culture, and age.

Language use is a parameter in determining identity, whether individuals or groups (Hyland and Paltridge, 2011.p.260). Every human in this world is a social actor where they play their role based on their social context. They will show one identity or more to appropriate what they should act in using their language in the context.

We will use different languages or we will play different actor in every situation. Sometimes, we will show our identity as a students when we talk with my teacher or as a special someone for our partner. For example:

Lucky    : How’s life?

Me         : Not too bad.

Lucky    :  what are you doing in this midnight?

Me           : hehehe
                  I’m not sleepy yet.

Lucky    : hahaha. Same with me.
             Why are you not sleepy?
            Any problems?

Me         : No, I have many assignments that should be done this night :’( (Showing cry emoticon).

This conversation is taking from Facebook Chatting. From this conversation it shows that my friend and I have same activity that is if we can not sleep we will active in facebook chatting.  We think that if we do chatting with our friends in the social networking, we will get new friends, new information or share our problems to other friends.

Lucky    : :D :D :D
     that’s the student’s duty.

Me         : :p (Tongue out emoticon)
     yeah, I know. How about you?

Lucky    : same with you, we are junior student.
     oh  ya, will you make a journal as a requisite degree ?

Me         : Yupz, of course.
     What kinds of journal that you make?

Lucky    : Accountant Journal
     I should make it next semester.

From this conversation it can be showed that our identity as a university student.  It can be identified from the topic that we are talking above. We share about lecturing information.  This conversation also showing that we are in the same age, it can be identified from the language that used. We use informal language showing that this conversation is among friends.

The choice of language or language variety may be determined by the domain the language is being used in, such as with family or among friends (Paltridge,2006.p.29). The other aspects, which influence language variety, as Holmes (2001) argues that the formality of the setting or type of interaction and the status of each of the speakers are also important for accounting the language choice.

Language choice is showing identity also. Choosing language when interact with community is important, such as mother to her son, teacher to his or her students, etc.

Like,

Hafy    : Assalamualaikum.

Me       : Waalaikumsalam. :)

Hafy    :  Pripun dek kabare ? (How are you?)

Me       : Alhamdulillah, sae ustadz.^* (I am Fine)

This conversation is taking from short text messaging between my teacher in Islamic boarding house and me. Here, my identity is a student where should use polite language. I should choose the best language to make conversation with him.

Hafy    : sampun khatam Al-Qur’an nipun ? (Have you finished for studying Al-Qur’an?)

Me       : Alhamdulillah. Sampun Ustadz. (I have done)

Hafy    : Sakniki ngelanjutaken ten pundi ? (Now, where do you continue your study –about Islam- ?

Me       : hehehe :)
            Mboten ustadz. (I’m not continuing yet)

From the continuing conversation above, the language use shows that he has different old with me, he is older than me. His language use is reflected that he has a different social class. As Paltridge (2006) argues that a further factor which influences the use of spoken and written discourse is social class. In the social class also including occupation, education, income, housing and its location (Labov 1966 cited in Paltridge 2006.p.31)

Hafy    : :( (Sad emoticon)
   Lek, sampean wonten waktu luang, mbalik maleh nggeh ten MHM. (If you have a spare time, will you come back to your Islamic boarding?)

Me       : Enggeh. Insyaallah Ustadz :). (Of course, if I can I will.)

Hafy    : Sing sregep lek golek ilmu, niku di khatamaken kitab’e. (You should be diligent when you are studying)

Me       : Enggeh Ustadz. Mengke kulo usahaken saget mbalik maleh ten mriku. (Yeah sir, I will try to continue my study in boarding house)

Hafy    : :) (smiling emoticon)
enggeh pun lek ngaten. (I think enough)

Me       : Enggeh ustadz, matur nuhun J.  (Yes Sir, thank you)

From the last conversation above, show that the topic that chosen is only focus on one topic. Even the language use is informal language but what we talk about is drawing formal conversation. This conversation also has a goal which he as a teacher wants me as his student back again to continue my study. The language use that I prefer is polite language. It is purposed to show that we have different social class in occupation and education.

Reference:

Hyland, K. and Paltridge, B. (2011). Continum Companion to Discourse Analysis.London:Continuum

McGregor, W. (2009). Linguistics An Intoduction.London:Continuum.

Paltridge, B. (2006).Discourse Analysis.London:Continuum.

Extract

Extract 1:
this conversation is taken from Facebook Chatting between my friend in senior high school and me.

Lucky    : Assalamualaikum

Me         : Waalaikumsalam

Lucky    : How’s life?

Me         : Not too bad.

Lucky    :  what are you doing in this midnight?

Me         : hehehe
               I’m not sleepy yet.

Lucky  : hahaha. Same with me.
   Why are you not sleepy?
  Any problems?

Me         : No, I have many assignments that should be done this night :’( (Showing cry emoticon).

Lucky    : Ooo . . .
              what can I do for you? :D (Laughing emoticon)

Me         : :D :D :D
              everything.

Lucky    : I will pray for you. :D

Me         : :3 (Resentful emoticon)

Lucky    : :D :D :D
              that’s the student’s duty.

Me         : :p (Tongue out emoticon)
              yeah, I know. How about you?

Lucky    : same with you, we are junior student.
              oh  ya, will you make a journal as a requisite degree ?

Me         : Yupz, of course.
              What kinds of journal that you make?

Lucky    : Accountant Journal
              I should make it next semester.

Me         : Yeah.  :) (Smiling emoticon)

Extract 2
this conversation is taken from Text Messaging between my teacher and me.

Hafy    : Assalamualaikum.

Me       : Waalaikumsalam. :)

Hafy    :  Pripun dek kabare ? (How are you?)

Me       : Alhamdulillah, sae ustadz.^* (I am Fine)

Hafy    : sampun khatam Al-Qur’an nipun ? (Have you finished for studying Al-Qur’an?)

Me       : Alhamdulillah. Sampun Ustadz. (I have done)

Hafy    : Sakniki ngelanjutaken ten pundi ? (Now, where do you continue your study –about Islam- ?

Me       : hehehe :)
            Mboten ustadz. (I’m not continuing yet)

Hafy    : :( (Sad emoticon)
            Lek, sampean wonten waktu luang, mbalik maleh nggeh ten MHM. (If you have a spare time, will you come back to your Islamic boarding?)

Me       : Enggeh. Insyaallah Ustadz :). (Of course, if I can I will.)

Hafy    : Sing sregep lek golek ilmu, niku di khatamaken kitab’e. (You should be diligent when you are studying)

Me       : Enggeh Ustadz. Mengke kulo usahaken saget mbalik maleh ten mriku. (Yeah sir, I will try to continue my study in boarding house)

Hafy    : :) (smiling emoticon)
enggeh pun lek ngoten. (I think enough)

Me       : Enggeh ustadz, matur nuhun J.  (Yes Sir, thank you)